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Applied Psychological Measurement
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A Comparison of the Information Provided by Essay, Multiple-Choice, and Free-Response Writing Tests

Terry A. Ackerman

American College Testing Program

Philip L. Smith

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

This study investigated the similarity of information that is provided by direct and indirect methods of writing assessment. The skills required by each of these techniques provide a framework for a cognitive model of writing skills from which these procedures can be compared. It is suggested that practitioners in terested in reliably measuring all aspects of the pro posed writing process continuum, as characterized by this cognitive model, use both indirect and direct methods. Index terms: Confirmatory factor analy sis, Essay tests, Free-response tests, Multiple-choice tests, Writing assessment, Writing processes.

Applied Psychological Measurement, Vol. 12, No. 2, 117-128 (1988)
DOI: 10.1177/014662168801200202
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Applied Psychological Measurement, December 1, 1992; 16(4): 353 - 363.
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