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Applied Psychological Measurement
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Unidimensional Calibrations and Interpretations of Composite Traits for Multidimensional Tests

Richard M. Luecht

American College Testing

Timothy R. Miller

American College Testing

A two-stage process that considers the multi dimensionality of tests under the framework of unidimensional item response theory (IRT) is described and evaluated. In the first stage, items are clustered in a multidimensional latent space with respect to their direction of maximum dis crimination. The separate item clusters are subsequently calibrated using a unidimensional IRT model to provide item parameter and trait estimates for composite traits in the context of the multidimensional trait space. This application is proposed as a workable compromise to some of the estimation, indeterminacy, and interpretation problems that affect the direct use of multi dimensional IRT procedures for item calibration and trait estimation. The findings of a study based on simulated multidimensional data indicate that there are identifiable gains in estimation robustness and score interpretation with almost no sacrifice in goodness-of-fit using this two-stage approach to modeling composite latent traits.

Key Words: Index terms: item response theory • model fit • multidimensionality, parameter estimation • model fit • multidimensionality in IRT • parameter estimation • person fit • reference composites • trait estimation.

Applied Psychological Measurement, Vol. 16, No. 3, 279-293 (1992)
DOI: 10.1177/014662169201600308
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